ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WITHIN THE PRODUCTIVE FORCES: RECOGNITION, ELUCIDATION, AND STRATEGIC PATHWAYS FOR VIETNAMESE BUSINESSES

Abstract

In the context of the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and its increasingly deep penetration into production and business activities, Vietnamese enterprises are confronting structural transformations in the productive forces. This article approaches the issue from the theoretical perspective of the productive forces in Marxist–Leninist philosophy, with the aim of clarifying the philosophical essence, as well as the economic and legal characteristics, of AI within a new mode of production. The research seeks to analyze how AI is adopted and operated by enterprises as an intrinsic element of the productive forces, while simultaneously assessing the opportunities and challenges currently facing Vietnamese enterprises. Methodologically, the study is grounded in dialectical materialism and historical materialism, combining theoretical analysis with the examination of officially published reports, data, and research findings. The results indicate that AI exists in enterprises in multiple roles: as a labor instrument imbued with knowledge content, as an object of labor that can be exploited for profit generation, and as a form of digital labor that restructures labor relations and the distribution of interests. The study contributes to clarifying the theory of productive forces in a new context marked by the strong impetus of artificial intelligence, and offers conceptual foundations for the improvement of enterprise-level policies in Vietnam regarding the application of AI.