SYNTHESIS OF TiO₂/ZnO/HAp COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND ITS APPLICATION IN ADSORPTION OF REACTIVE BLUE DYE

Abstract

In this study, the TiO₂-ZnO/HAp composite materials were successfully synthesized using the co-precipitation method, Ti⁴⁺:Zn²⁺:Ca²⁺ ratio 1:1:6. The structural materials characteristics and surface morphology were determined through modern physicochemical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate a particle size of 10 nm. The adsorption of the Reactive Blue dye by synthesized composite material was experimentally evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The findings demonstrate that, TiO₂-ZnO/HAp composite material exhibits significantly enhanced dye adsorption capacity compared with separate materials (TiO₂, ZnO, and HAp). Under optimized conditions (40 ppm Blue 21 dye, 10-minute adsorption time, and 0,1 g of material), the TiO₂/ZnO/HAp composite demonstrated 93% adsorption efficiency. This significantly outperformed TiO₂ and ZnO individually (8-10% efficiency), while showing comparable performance to HAp (85%). An increase in adsorption time further enhanced the dye removal efficiency of the composites, raising it from 93% to 98.5%.  A Langmuir isotherm model revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 42.3 mg/g for the TiO₂-ZnO/HAp composite with reactive Blue dye.